\(M=3x^2+4x+1=3.\left(x^2+\frac{4}{3}x+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=3.\left(x^2+2.x.\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{9}\right)=3.\left(x^2+2.x.\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{9}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(=3.\left(x+\frac{2}{3}\right)^2-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\text{Vì }3.\left(x+\frac{2}{3}\right)^2\ge0\text{ nên }3.\left(x+\frac{2}{3}\right)^2-\frac{1}{3}\ge-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\text{Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : }x+\frac{2}{3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-2}{3}\)
\(\text{Vậy GTNN của M là }\frac{-1}{3}\text{ tại }x=\frac{-2}{3}\)
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