x2 - 2x + y2 - 4y + 7 = (x2 - 2x + 1) + ( y2 - 4y + 4) + 2 = (x - 1)2 + (y - 2)2 + 2
Vì (x - 1)2 ≥ 0 \(\forall\)x
(y - 2)2 ≥ 0 \(\forall\)x
=> (x - 1)2 + (y - 2)2 ≥ 0 \(\forall\)x
=> (x - 1)2 + (y - 2)2 + 2 ≥ 2
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy GTNN của x2 - 2x + y2 - 4y +7 = 2 khi x = 1; y = 2
Đặt \(A=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\); \(\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
hay \(A\ge2\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(minA=2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
