Lời giải:
$x^2-2x+1-4y^2=5$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)-4y^2=5$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2-(2y)^2=5$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1-2y)(x-1+2y)=5$
Vì $x,y$ nguyên nên $x-1-2y, x-1+2y$ cũng nguyên. Khi đó ta có các TH sau:
TH1: $x-1-2y=1; x-1+2y=5$
$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(4, 1)$
TH2: $x-1-2y=-1; x-1+2y=-5$
$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(-2, -1)$
TH3: $x-1-2y=5, x-1+2y=1$
$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(4, -1)$
TH4: $x-1-2y=-5, x-1+2y=-1$
$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(-2,1)$