Question

Tìm các số nguyên dương a,b,c thỏa mãn:a^3+3a^2+5=5^b va a+3=5^c.

Answer 1

Giải:

Vì $a\in Z^{+}$

$\Rightarrow 5^b=a^3+3a^2+5>a+3=5^c$

$\Rightarrow 5^b>5^c\Rightarrow b>c$

$\Rightarrow 5^b⋮5^c$

$\Rightarrow a^3+3a^2+5⋮a+3$

$\Rightarrow a^2\left(a+3\right)+5⋮a+3$

Mà $a^2\left(a+3\right)⋮a+3$

$\Rightarrow 5⋮a+3$

$\Rightarrow a+3\in Ư\left(5\right)$

$\Rightarrow a+3\in \left\{\pm 1;\pm 5\right\}\left(1\right)$

Do $a\in Z^{+}\Rightarrow a+3\ge 4\left(2\right)$

Từ $\left(1\right)$ và $\left(2\right)$

$\Rightarrow a+3=5$

$\Rightarrow a=5-3$

$\Rightarrow a=2$$(\ast )$

Thay $(\ast )$ vào biểu thức ta có:

$2^3+{3.2}^2+5=5^b\iff b=2$

$2+3=5^c\iff c=1$

Vậy: $\{\begin{array}{c}a=2\\ b=2\\ c=1\end{array}$