a.
(x^2 + y^2 - 2xy) + (x^2 + y^2 + 2xy)
= x^2 + y^2 - 2xy + x^2 + y^2 + 2xy
= (x^2 + x^2) + (y^2 + y^2) + (2xy - 2xy)
= 2x^2 + 2y^2
b.
(x^2 + y^2 - 2xy) - (x^2 + y^2 + 2xy)
= x^2 + y^2 - 2xy - x^2 - y^2 - 2xy
= (x^2 - x^2) + (y^2 - y^2) - (2xy + 2xy)
= -4xy