VI, Read the passage and circle the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following questions or
statements:
The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that convert
hydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about four billion six hundred million years
and is thousands of times larger than the Earth. By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the
rest of the Sun’s life will be like. About five billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and
become hotter. The surface temperature will fall. The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate
of thermonuclear reactions. The outer regions of the Sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about
the distance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun. The Sun will then be a red giant star.
Temperatures on the Earth will become too high for life to exist. Once the Sun has used up its
thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. After it shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will
become a white dwarf star. The Sun may throw off huge amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova
explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf. After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun
will have used up all its fuel and will have lost its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the Sun
has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be dark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have
frozen over the Earth’s surface.
66. It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun ______.
A. is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf
B. will continue to be a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years
C. has been in existence for 10 billion years
D. is rapidly changing in size and brightness
67. What will probably be the first stage of change for the Sun to become a red giant?
A. Its surface will become hotter and shrink.
B. It will throw off huge amounts of gases.
C. Its central part will grow smaller and hotter.
D. Its core will cool off and use less fuel.
n Janqry I9,200,6,NASA* launched a new spacecraft called New Horizons into outer space. New Horizons is expected to travel about 3 billion miles for 10 years at around 50,000 kilometers per hour and take pictures of Pluto (the last planet in the solar system*),"its" moons, and the Kuiper KY-pun) Belt. "It" will also analyze Pluto's atmosphere and temperature. Scientists say that now is our last chance to send a spacecraft to Pluto. Otherwise Pluto will become too far from Earth and it will be more difficult to get near the planet. The New Horizons mission is important because no spacecraft has ever been sent that far before. The information collected during this mission will help to explain what the outer edges of the solar system look like and how the solar system was formed 4.5 billion years ago. * NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration * the Solar System: the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, IJranus, Neptune, Pluto
the word 'its' line 3 refer to:...
the word 'it' line 3 refer to:...
Fill in each gap with the most suitable word to complete the text
Living in the countryside is something that people from the city often dream about. However, in reality, it has …(1)… its advantages and disadvantages. There are certain some …(2 )… to live in the countryside as you can enjoy peace and quiet. In the countryside there are not many cars and motorbikes, so that it is not very noisy every day and of course the air is clean. Moreover, people in the countryside tend to be friendlier …(3)… more open to others. Another advantage is that the food is also fresher. Many kinds of food have the root from the countryside, it is …(4)… delicious than in the city. On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks to the life …(5)… from the city. Firstly, because there are fewer people, you are likely to …(6)… fewer friends. In addition, entertainment …(7)… difficult to find, particularly in the evening. Furthermore, the fact …(8)… there are fewer shops and services means that it is harder to …(9)… job. As a result, we may have to travel a …(10)… way to work, which extremely expensive.
Read the below passage on Mars and use the information to write a composition about the possibility of life on the planet .
There has long been speculation concerning about the possibility of life and liquid water on Mars . However , the planet's thin atmosphere prevents water from accumulating for any time over significant portions of the planet . Some evidences of the planet's surface suggest the presence of liquid water at some point in history , but scientists think this water would be too salty or acidic to support life as we know it . Futhermore , fierce solar winds and poor heat transfer across its surface would make sustained life virtually impossible . There is compelling evidence , however , that Mars was once much more habitable to life than it is today .
Start with :
I think that there is no life on Mars . Firstly .......
HELP ME !!!!!!!! MÌNH ĐANG CẦN GẤP LẮM !!!!!!
Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ chấm
Living in the countryside is something that people from the city often dream about . However, in reality ,it has (1)......... its advantages and disadvantange . There are cenrtain some (2)........... to live in the countryside as you can enjoy pace and quiet . In the countryside there are not many cars and motorbike, so that it is not very noisy everyday and of course the air is clean. Another advantage is that the food is also fresher . On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks to the life (3)............... from the city.
Mercury is the smallest member of the sun's family. It is only 3.100 miles across. It is also the sun's swiftest planet. Its yearly journey round the sun is only 85 days.
Mercury always keeps one side towards the sun. On this side it is always day, on the other side always night. We only see the lighted side.
Mercury appears to us like a yellowish orange star. The nearest planet to the sun, it is always seen near the sun, either just before sunrise or soon after sunset. People sometimes call mercury the morning star or evening star.
Mercury is half the size of the earth. Because it is much lighter, it has much less gravity. If you can visit Mercury in a spaceship, you will find it a strange world. Its low gravity makes you feel very light. If your weight on earth is 100 pounds, your weight on Mercury is only 27 pounds. Looking at the sun from Mercury, you can see that it's much more brilliant than it is seen from the earth. And the yellow centre of the sun appears three times bigger from Mercury.
On its lighted side, Mercury's temperature is about 300 degrees centigrate. But the dark side is extremely cold, but 150 degrees below zero so mercury is probably the coldest as well as the hottest of the planets.
21. A. Mercury is .......
A. the sun's fastest planet B. the coldest planet
C. the hottest planet D. all are correct
22. We cannot see the dark side of Mercury because .......
A. it moves very fast.
B. it always appears just before sunrise or soon after sunset.
C. it always keeps one side towards the sun.
D. it is too far for us to see.
23. When can we see Mercury? - We can see it ......
A. just before the sunset
B. just before sunrise
C. after the sunset
D. both A and C are correct
24. Why do we weigh much on the earth than on Mercury? - Because .......
A. Mercury is nearer to the sun. B. Mercury has got less gravity than the earth.
C. Mercury is much hotter. D. none are correct.
25. Why does the sun look bigger when it is seen from Mercury?
- Because .......
A. Mercury is the smallest planet of the sun.
B. Mercury is nearer to the sun.
C. Mercury is a light planet.
D. It only takes Mercury 88 days to move round the sun.
Làm ơn giúp mình nhé!!
1. What is the closest/farthest planet to the sun? How long does it take to orbit the sun?
2. Can you name 3 tools used to measure weather?
3. Define the term (precipitation/hail/sleet/a drought).
VIII. Read and match sentences A-F with gaps 1-5 in the text. There is one extra sentence.
Polar bears live where the ice meets the sea in the Arctic Circle. They are born on land, but they spend most
of their time in the water. (1) ……………………………… However, the polar bear is specially adapted for life
in such a cold place.
The most important adaptation is their fur. A polar bear's fur has both long and short hairs, which means that
it is very thick. This thick fur keeps the bear warm on the land and stops it getting wet when it is swimming.
(2) ……………………………… This means that the bear appears to be white like the snow and ice around it.
The skin under the fur is black. Because of its colour, the skin absorbs the sun's heat and gives the bear
extra warmth.
Under a polar bear's thick fur and black skin is a layer of fat. This layer can be up to 12 cm thick and it
protects the bears from the cold. (3) ……………………………… Polar bears hunt seals for food and these
are difficult to find in the summer when the ice melts.
The shape of a polar bear’s body is also especially designed for the life in the Arctic. (4)
……………………………… All of their body is covered with fur except for the end of their nose. Their round
shape stops the body from losing heat and it helps the bears tolerate the cold.
Polar bears also have fur on the bottoms of their feet, which are enormous. (5) ………………………………
The fur helps the bears walk in the soft snow and also stops them from falling on the ice. The size of their
feet helps them to swim faster, too.
A. Polar bears have a very large body with a small head and very small ears.
B. The hairs are transparent and so the reflect the light from the sun.
C. Sometimes the bears can get too hot, so they jump into the water to cool off.
D. They look like giant snowshoes and they work in the same way.
E. The temperature in the Arctic can be as low as -45ºC in the winter.
F. The bears can also use it for energy when there isn’t anything to eat.
giúp em với mng oi e cần khá gấp hic hic
Dịch:
Some theories of the purpose of dreams
Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?
Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.
The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.
Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.
Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.
REM and dreaming
Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.
Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.
It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.
New research
Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.
Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.
So what’s the conclusion?
Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.
Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?
Find the new words and translate it
How the Government can help to turn 100,000 tonnes of surplus food into 240 million meals for the needy
Peter Sargeant has devoted his working life to growing food for Britain’s dinner tables, so nothing irks him more than having to plough perfect, ripe crops straight back into the soil. Yet it is a fact of life in farming that food goes unharvested not because nobody wants it, but because it is too expensive to get it to people who are going hungry.
Mr Sargeant, the chief operating officer for salads and mushrooms at G’s Fresh, which has almost 30,000 acres under cultivation, must decide each month whether excess crops are simply left in the field or if, somehow, he can get them to charities that turn them into meals for those who need them most. That is where FareShare, which is being supported by The Telegraph’s Christmas Charity Appeal, comes in.
FareShare arranges for surplus food to be collected from food producers and taken to thousands of charities across the country that feed people for free, ranging from hospices to church halls. It’s a complex business that involves far more than simply arranging for a lorry to turn up at the farm gates and load up with carrots or potatoes to be driven to a depot. Mr Sargeant, whose company farms land in the Midlands, the South and in several European countries, said: “Even for something as simple as mushrooms, there are a lot of costs involved in getting them to charities.
không dịch bằng các thiết bị nha. Ai trả lời đầu điên là tích và kết bạn nha