Nhận xét: \(\text{ *)}\) Nếu \(x+y+z=0\) thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
Thật vậy, từ \(x+y+z=0\)
Suy ra: \(x+y=-z\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(-z\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3=\left(-z\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3+y^3+z^3=-3x^2y-3xy^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3+y^3+z^3=-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\) (theo \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) )
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Theo giả thiết, ta có:
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(b+c=-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(b+c\right)^2=\left(-a\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(b^2+2bc+c^2=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2bc=a^2-b^2-c^2\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có \(2ac=b^2-a^2-c^2\) \(;\) \(2ab=c^2-a^2-b^2\)
Mặt khác, vì \(a+b+c=0\) nên \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) (theo nhận xét trên)
Do đó, \(A=\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}=\frac{a^3}{2abc}+\frac{b^3}{2abc}+\frac{c^3}{2abc}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\frac{3abc}{2abc}=\frac{3}{2}\) (do \(abc\ne0\)
tu a + b + c = 0 suy ra a= - (b+c) suy ra a^2 = (b+c)^2=b^2 +c^2 + 2bc suy ra a^2 - b^2 - c^2 =2bc . tuong tu ta cung co b^2-a^2-c^2=2ac ; c^2- a^2 -b^2=2ab do do A = a^2/2bc + b^2/2ac+c^2/2ab =a^3/2abc+b^3/2abc +c^3/2abc lai co a+b+c=o nen a+b=-c suyra a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)= -c^3 do do a^3 +b^3 +c^3=3abc vay A=3abc/2abc=3/2 (abc khac 0 : a+b=c=o)
