a) x4 + 2x3 + x2 = x2.(x2 + 2x + 1) = x2(x + 1)2
b) x3 - x + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - y = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - x - y = (x + y)3 - (x + y) = (x + y)[(x + y)2 - 1] = (x + y - 1)(x + y)(x + y + 1)
c) 5x2 - 10xy + 5y2 - 20z2 = 5.(x2 - 2xy + y2 - 4z2) = 5[(x - y)2 - (2z)2] = 5(x - y - 2z)(x - y + 2z)
\(a,x^4+2x^3+x^2=x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(b,x^3-x+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3-y=\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-1\right)\)
\(c,5x^2-10xy+5y^2-20z^2=5\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=5\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4z^2\right]\)
\(=5\left[\left(x-y+2z\right)\left(x-y-2z\right)\right]\)