a) x2 + x - 20 = x2 - 4x + 5x - 20 = x(x - 4) + 5(x - 4) = (x - 4)(x + 5)
b) x2 - x - 20 = x2 + 4x - 5x - 20 = x(x + 4) - 5(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x - 5)
c) 2x2 - 3x - 2 = 2x2 - 4x + x - 2 = 2x(x - 2) + (x - 2) = (x - 2)(2x + 1)
d) 3x2 + x - 2 = 3x2 + 3x - 2x - 2 = 3x(x + 1) - 2(x + 1) = (x + 1)(3x - 2)