`x^2 + 4y^2 + 4xy - 16`
`= x^2 + 4xy + 4y^2 - 16`
`=(x^2 + 4xy + 4y^2)-16`
`=(x+2y)^2 -16`
`= (x+2y)^2 -4^2`
`=(x+2y-4)(x+2y+4)`
\(x^2+4y^2+4xy-16\\ =\left(x^2+4y^2+4xy\right)-4^2\\ =\left(x+2y\right)^2-4^2\\ =\left(x+2y-4\right)\left(x+2y+4\right)\)