a) x2 + 7x + 12 = x2 + 3x + 4x + 12 = x( x + 3 ) + 4( x + 3 ) = ( x + 3 )( x + 4 )
b) x2 - 10x + 16 = x2 - 2x - 8x + 16 = x( x - 2 ) - 8( x - 2 ) = ( x - 2 )( x - 8 )
c) x2 + 6x + 8 = x2 + 2x + 4x + 8 = x( x + 2 ) + 4( x + 2 ) = ( x + 2 )( x + 4 )
d) x2 - 8x + 15 = x2 - 3x - 5x + 15 = x( x - 3 ) - 5( x - 3 ) = ( x - 3 )( x - 5 )
e) x2 - 8x - 9 = x2 + x - 9x - 9 = x( x + 1 ) - 9( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 )( x - 9 )
f) x2 + 14x + 48 = x2 + 6x + 8x + 48 = x( x + 6 ) + 8( x + 6 ) = ( x + 6 )( x + 8 )