\(3\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\\ =3\left(x^4-x+x^2+x+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=3\left[\left(x^4-x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\right]-\left(x^2+x+1^2\right)\)
\(=3\left[x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\right]-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(3x^2-3x+3+x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(4x^2-2x+2\right)\\ =2\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(3\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=3\left[\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)-\left(x^3-x^2-x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\right]-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=3\left[x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\right]-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[3\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(3x^2-3x+3-x^2-x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(2x^2-4x+2\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\)
