x4 + x3 + x +1
= x3(x+1) + (x+1)
=(x+1)(x3 +1)
= (x+1)(x+1)(x2 - x-1)
= (x+1)2(x2 -x+1)
\(=x^3\)\(\left(x+1\right)\)\(+\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\)\(\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\)\(\left(x+1\right)\)\(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2\)\(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)