a)
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-2x\right)=-2\)
<=> (x + 1).(x - 3).x.(x - 2) = -2
<=> [ (x + 1). (x - 3) ]. [ x. (x - 2) ] = -2
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x-3\right).\left(x^2-2x\right)+2=0\) (1)
Đặt \(x^2-2x=a\)
PT (1) <=> (a - 3).a + 2 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-a-2a+2=0\)
<=> a. (a - 1) - 2. (a - 1) = 0
<=> (a - 1). (a - 2) = 0
<=> a - 1 = 0 hoặc a - 2 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-1=0\\x^2-2x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2-2=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1-\sqrt{2}\right).\left(x-1+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\\\left(x-1-\sqrt{3}\right).\left(x-1+\sqrt{3}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1+\sqrt{2}\\x=1-\sqrt{2}\\x=1+\sqrt{3}\\x=1-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x-y^2-y=0\left(1\right)\\x^2+y^2-2\left(x+y\right)=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT (1)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: x=y thay vào Pt (2) ta được: \(2x^2-4x=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow y=0\\x=2\Rightarrow y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: Thay x+y=-1 vào Pt (2) ta được: \(x^2+y^2+2=0\left(vn\right)\)
Vậy hẹ pt có nghiệm (x;y)=(0;0) ; (2;2)
Bổ sung câu hệ
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x-y^2-y=0\left(1\right)\\x^2+y^2-2\left(x+y\right)=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)=0\)\(\)
Th1 : \(x-y=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\), Thế vào (2)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+x^2-2\left(x+x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Leftrightarrow y=0\\x=2\Leftrightarrow y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Th2: \(x+y+1=0\Leftrightarrow y=-\left(x+1\right)\), thế vào (2)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(x+1\right)^2-2\left(-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x+3=0\)
Mà \(2x^2+2x+3=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{2}>0\)
-> Vô nghiệm
Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;0\right);\left(2;2\right)\right\}\)
