Question

Dùng quy nạp nha

1. CMR: ∀n thì

a) \(A=10^n+72-1\)⋮81

b) \(B=2002^n-138n-1\)⋮207

2.CMR: ∀n∈N

a) \(1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{8}\)

b) \(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=\left(\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right)^2\)

Answer 1

\(1,\)

\(a,\) Sửa: \(A=10^n+72n-1⋮81\)

Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow A=10+72-1=81⋮81\)

Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow A=10^k+72k-1⋮81\)

Với \(n=k+1\Leftrightarrow A=10^{k+1}+72\left(k+1\right)-1\)

\(A=10^k\cdot10+72k+72-1\\ A=10\left(10^k+72k-1\right)-648k+81\\ A=10\left(10^k+72k-1\right)-81\left(8k-1\right)\)

Ta có \(10^k+72k-1⋮81;81\left(8k-1\right)⋮81\)

Theo pp quy nạp 

\(\Rightarrow A⋮81\)

\(b,B=2002^n-138n-1⋮207\)

Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow B=2002-138-1=1863⋮207\)

Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow B=2002^k-138k-1⋮207\)

Với \(n=k+1\Leftrightarrow B=2002^{k+1}-138\left(k+1\right)-1\)

\(B=2002\cdot2002^k-138k-138-1\\ B=2002\left(2002^k-138k-1\right)+276138k+1863\\ B=2002\left(2002^k-138k-1\right)+207\left(1334k+1\right)\)

Vì \(2002^k-138k-1⋮207;207\left(1334k+1\right)⋮207\)

Nên theo pp quy nạp \(B⋮207,\forall n\)

Answer 2

\(2,\)

\(a,\) Sửa đề: CMR: \(1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+n\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)

Đặt \(S_n=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+n\left(n+1\right)\)

Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow S_1=1\cdot2=\dfrac{1\cdot2\cdot3}{3}=2\)

Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow S_k=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+k\left(k+1\right)=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{3}\)

Với \(n=k+1\)

Cần cm \(S_{k+1}=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+k\left(k+1\right)+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{3}\)

Thật vậy, ta có:

\(\Leftrightarrow S_{k+1}=S_k+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow S_{k+1}=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{3}+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow S_{k+1}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{3}\)

Theo pp quy nạp ta có đpcm

\(b,\) Với \(n=0\Leftrightarrow0^3=\left[\dfrac{0\left(0+1\right)}{2}\right]^2=0\)

Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow1^3+2^3+...+k^3=\left[\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)

Với \(n=k+1\)

Cần cm \(1^3+2^3+...+k^3+\left(k+1\right)^3=\left[\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)

Thật vậy, ta có

\(1^3+2^3+...+k^3+\left(k+1\right)^3\\ =\left[\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2+\left(k+1\right)^3\\ =\dfrac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2+4\left(k+1\right)^3}{4}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)^2\left(k^2+4k+4\right)}{4}\\ =\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)^2\left(k+2\right)^2}{4}=\left[\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)

Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm