a) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{21,056}{22,4}=0,94\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{52}{100}=0,52\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT C: \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,52\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O: \(n_{H_2O}=2n_{O_2}-2n_{CO_2}=0,84\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ankan}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{Số }\overline{C}_{\text{trung bình}}=\dfrac{n_C}{n_{ankan}}=\dfrac{0,52}{0,32}=1,625\)
Vì 2 ankan liên tiếp nhau trong dãy đồng đẳng nên 2 ankan là CH4 (metan) và C2H6 (etan)
b) BTNT H: \(n_H=2n_{H_2O}=1,68\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_6}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_6}=a+2b=0,52\\n_H=4n_{CH_4}+6n_{C_2H_6}=4a+6b=1,68\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,12\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,12.16}{0,12.16+0,2.30}.100\%=24,24\%\\\%m_{C_2H_6}=100\%-24,24\%=75,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)
\(CH_4+Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{askt}CH_3Cl\left(\text{metyl clorua}\right)+HCl\\ C_2H_6+Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{askt}C_2H_5Cl\left(\text{etyl clorua}\right)+HCl\)