Ta có: A = 20n + 16n - 3n - 1
Do n chẵn => n = 2k
Khi đó: A = 202k + 162k - 32k - 1
A = (202k - 1) + (256k - 9k)
Do 202k - 1 \(⋮\)(20 - 1) = 19
256k - 9k \(⋮\)(256 - 9) = 247 \(⋮\)19
=> A \(⋮\)19 (1)
Mặt khác, ta lại có:
A = 202k + 162k - 32k - 1 = (202k - 32k) + (256k - 1)
Do 202k - 32k \(⋮\)(20 - 3) = 17
256k - 1 \(⋮\)(256 - 1)= 255 \(⋮\)17
=> A \(⋮\)17 (2)
Mà (17; 19) = 1 => A \(⋮\)17.19 = 323 (đpcm)
Vì n chẵn
Đặt n = 2k (k \(\inℕ\))
Khi đó A = 20n + 16n - 3n - 1
= 202k + 162k - 32k - 1
= 400k + 256k - 9k - 1
= (400k - 1) + (256k - 9k)
= (400 - 1)(400k - 1 + 400k - 2 + ... + 1) + (256 - 9)(256k - 1 + 256k - 2.9 + ... + 9k - 1)
= 399(400k - 1 + 400k - 2 + ... + 1) + 247(256k - 1 + 256k - 2.9 + ... + 9k - 1)
= 19.21.(400k - 1 + 400k - 2 + ... + 1) + 19.13(256k - 1 + 256k - 2.9 + ... + 9k - 1)
= 19.(21.(400k - 1 + 400k - 2 + ... + 1) + 13(256k - 1 + 256k - 2.9 + ... + 9k - 1)) \(⋮\)19 (1)
Lại có A = 400k + 256k - 9k - 1
= (400k - 9k) + (256k - 1)
= (400 - 9)(400k - 1 + 400k - 2.9 + .... + 9k - 1) + (256 - 1)(256k - 1 + 256k - 2 + .... + 1)
= 391(400k - 1 + 400k - 2.9 + .... + 9k - 1) + 255(256k - 1 + 256k - 2 + .... + 1)
= 17.23(400k - 1 + 400k - 2.9 + .... + 9k - 1) + 17.15(256k - 1 + 256k - 2 + .... + 1)
= 17.(23(400k - 1 + 400k - 2.9 + .... + 9k - 1) + 15(256k - 1 + 256k - 2 + .... + 1)) \(⋮\)17 (2)
Lại có ƯCLN(17;19) = 1 (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3) => A \(⋮17.19=323\)(ĐPCM)