Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x,\frac{b-c}{a}=y,\frac{c-a}{b}=z\)
=>\(\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{1}{x},\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{1}{y},\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{1}{z}\)
=>\(A=\left(x+y+z\right).\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=>\(A=x.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+y.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+z.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=>\(A=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+1+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+1\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Ta thấy: \(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}}{\frac{a-b}{c}}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right):\frac{a-b}{c}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right).\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(b-c\right).b}{a.b}+\frac{\left(c-a\right).a}{a.b}\right].\frac{c}{a-b}=\left(\frac{b^2-bc}{ab}+\frac{ac-a^2}{ab}\right).\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\left(\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\right).\frac{c}{a-b}=\left[\frac{\left(ac-bc\right)-\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{ab}\right].\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\left[\frac{c.\left(a-b\right)-\left(a+b\right).\left(a-b\right)}{ab}\right].\frac{c}{a-b}=\left[\frac{\left(c-a-b\right).\left(a-b\right)}{ab}\right].\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c-a-b}{ab}.\left(a-b\right).\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{c-a-b}{ab}.c=\left(c-a-b\right).\frac{c}{ab}=\left(2c-a-b-c\right).\frac{c}{ab}\)
Vì a+b+c=0=>2a-(a+b+c)=2c=>2c-a-b-c=2c
=>\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(2c-a-b-c\right).\frac{c}{ab}=2c.\frac{c}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)
=>\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:
\(\frac{z+x}{y}=\frac{2a^3}{abc},\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}=3+\frac{2c^3}{abc}+\frac{2a^3}{abc}+\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{2c^3+2a^3+2b^3}{abc}=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)
Lại có:
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức, ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3=>a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2\)
=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3abc-3a^2b-3ab^2\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3ab.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right).\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right).c+c^2\right]-3ab.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right).\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right).c+c^2-3ab\right]\)
Vì a+b+c=0
=>\(\left(a+b+c\right).\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right).c+c^2-3ab\right]=0\)
=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0=>a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Thay vào A, ta có:
\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=3+2.3=3+6=9\)
=>ĐPCM
Từ chỗ lại có bạn làm hơi dài mình sẽ làm cách khác ngắn hơn
Xét \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+c^3\)
\(=\text{[}\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\text{]}-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) (I)
Mà \(\text{ }a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\) thay vào (I) , ta được
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\text{[}\left(-c\right)^3+c^3\text{]}-3ab\left(-c\right)\)
\(=3abc\)
Sau đó thay vào rồi tính
