Question

Chứng minh rằng n thuộc Z

\(a,\left(n+1\right)+2n\left(n+1\right)\) chia hết cho 6

\(b,\left(2n-1\right)^3-\left(2n-1\right)\) chia hết cho 8

Answer 1

\(b.\)\(\left(2n-1\right)^3-\left(2n-1\right)=\left(2n-1\right)\left[\left(2n-1\right)^2-1\right]\)

\(=\left(2n-1\right)\left[\left(2n-1\right)^2-1^2\right]=\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n-1-1\right)\left(2n-1+1\right)\)

\(\text{Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức }\)\(a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n-2\right).2n=\left(2n-1\right).2\left(n-1\right).2n\)

\(=\left(2n-1\right).4.n\left(n-1\right)\)

\(n\left(n-1\right)⋮2\)(vì là tích 2 số liên tiếp)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right).4.n\left(n-1\right)⋮\left(4.2\right)=8\)

\(\left(2n-1\right).4.n\left(n-1\right)⋮8\RightarrowĐPCM\)