Lời giải:
$A=1+2+3+....+n-7=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}-7=\frac{n^2+n-14}{2}$
Để chứng minh $A\not\vdots 10$, ta chỉ ra $A\not\vdots 5$
Nếu $n\vdots 5$ thì hiển nhiên $n^2+n-14\not\vdots 5$
$\Rightarrow A\not\vdots 5$
Nếu $n=5k+1(k\in\mathbb{N})$ thì:
$n^2+n-14=(5k+1)^2+5k+1-14=25k^2+15k-12\not\vdots 5$
$\Rightarrow A\not\vdots 5$
Nếu $n=5k+2(k\in\mathbb{N})$ thì:
$n^2+n-14=(5k+2)^2+5k+2-14=25k^2+25k-8\not\vdots 5$
$\Rightarrow A\not\vdots 5$
Nếu $n=5k+3(k\in\mathbb{N})$ thì:
$n^2+n-14=(5k+3)^2+5k+3-14=25k^2+35k-2\not\vdots 5$
$\Rightarrow A\not\vdots 5$
Nếu $n=5k+4(k\in\mathbb{N})$ thì:
$n^2+n-14=(5k+4)^2+5k+4-14=25k^2+45k+6\not\vdots 5$
$\Rightarrow A\not\vdots 5$
Vậy $A\not\vdots 5$ nên $A\not\vdots 10$