\(\frac{x}{1+y^2}=\frac{x\left(1+y^2\right)-xy^2}{1+y^2}=x-\frac{xy^2}{1+y^2}\)
Áp dụng Côsi: \(1+y^2\ge2y\Rightarrow\frac{xy^2}{1+y^2}\le\frac{xy^2}{2y}=\frac{xy}{2}\Rightarrow-\frac{xy^2}{1+y^2}\ge-\frac{xy}{2}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{x}{1+y^2}\ge x-\frac{xy}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{y}{1+z^2}\ge y-\frac{yz}{2};\frac{z}{1+x^2}\ge z-\frac{zx}{2}\)
Mà \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zy\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+2\left(xy+yz+zy\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\le\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{1+y^2}+\frac{y}{1+z^2}+\frac{z}{1+x^2}\ge x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y = z = 1
Vậy GTNN của P là 1
