S = 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 + 36 + 37 + 38 + 39 = (1 + 3) + (32 + 33) + (34 + 35) + (36 + 37) + (38 + 39) = 1.(1 + 3) + 32.(1 + 3) + 34.(1 + 3) + 36.(1 + 3) + 38.(1 + 3) = (1 + 3).(1 + 32 + 34 + 36 + 38) = 4.(1 + 32 + 34 + 36 + 38) => S ⋮ 4. Vậy S ⋮ 4 (đpcm)