Ta có: \(f\left(x\right)=x^2+px+q\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(f\left(x\right)+x\right)=\left(f\left(x\right)+x\right)^2+p\left(f\left(x\right)+x\right)+q\)
\(=f\left(x\right)^2+2f\left(x\right).x+x^2+p.f\left(x\right)+p.x+q\)
\(=f\left(x\right)^2+2f\left(x\right).x+p.f\left(x\right)+\left(x^2+p.x+q\right)\)
\(=f\left(x\right)^2+2f\left(x\right).x+p.f\left(x\right)+f\left(x\right)\)
\(=f\left(x\right).\left(f\left(x\right)+2x+p+1\right)=f\left(x\right).\left(x^2+px+q+2x+p+1\right)\)
\(=f\left(x\right).\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)p+q\right)=f\left(x\right).f\left(x+1\right)\)
Vậy tồn tại số nguyên k để f(k) = f(2008).f(2009) ( Chọn x = 2018 thì \(k=f\left(2018\right)+2018\))