\(f\left(1\right)=a_{2017}+a_{2016}+...+a_3+a_2+a_1+a_0\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=-a_{2017}+a_{2016}+...-a_3+a_2-a_1+a_0\)
\(f\left(1\right)+f\left(-1\right)=2\left(a_{2016}+a_{2014}+...+a_2+a_0\right)\)
\(S=\frac{f\left(1\right)+f\left(-1\right)}{2}=\frac{3^{2017}+1}{2}\)