a) Điều kiện : \(a\ne-b;b\ne1;a\ne-1\)
\(P=\frac{a^2\left(1+a\right)-b^2\left(1-b\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a^3+a^2+b^3-b^2-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2+a-b-a^2b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2+b^2-a^2b^2+a-b-ab}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2\left(1-b^2\right)-\left(1-b^2\right)+a\left(1-b\right)+\left(1-b\right)}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(1-b\right)\left(a^2+a^2b-1-b+a+1\right)}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2+a^2b+a-b}{1+a}\)
\(P=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)+b\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{1+a}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a+1\right)\left(a+ab-b\right)}{1+a}\)
P = a + ab - b
b)
P = 3
<=> a + ab - b = 3
<=> a(b+1) - (b+1) +1 - 3 = 0
<=> (b+1)(a-1) = 2
Ta có bảng sau với a, b nguyên
| b+1 | 1 | 2 | -1 | -2 |
| a-1 | 2 | 1 | -2 | -1 |
| b | 0 | 1 | -2 | -3 |
| a | 3 | 2 | -1 | 0 |
| so với đk | loại | loại |
Vậy (a;b) \(\in\){ (3; 0) ; (0; -3)}
