Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}b+c-a=x\\a+c-b=y\\a+b-c=z\end{cases}}\)
vì a,b, c là độ dài 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác => \(\hept{\begin{cases}b+c>a\\c+a>b\\a+b>c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c-a>0\\c+a-b>0\\a+b-c>0\end{cases}\Rightarrow x,y,z>0}\)
và \(\hept{\begin{cases}2c=x+y\\2a=y+z\\2b=x+z\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c=\frac{x+y}{2}\\a=\frac{y+z}{2}\\b=\frac{x+z}{2}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c-a}=\frac{\frac{y+z}{2}}{x}=\frac{y+z}{2x}}\)
Tương tự: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b}{c+a-b}=\frac{x+z}{2y}\\\frac{c}{a+b-c}=\frac{x+y}{2z}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c-a}+\frac{b}{c+a-b}+\frac{c}{a+b-c}=\frac{y+z}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)\right]\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2\right)\) vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\ge2\\\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2\\\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\ge2\end{cases}}\)
Dấu "=" khi và chỉ khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y}{x}=\frac{x}{y}\\\frac{z}{x}=\frac{x}{z}\\\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{y}\end{cases}}\) và x,y,z>0
<=> x=y=z
=> a+b-c=c+a-b = a+b-c
<=> a+b+c-2a=a+b+c-2b=a+c+c-2c
<=> a=b=c
