a) Ta có: \(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2020}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{A}{3}=1+3+3^2+...+3^{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-\frac{A}{3}=\left(3+3^2+...+3^{2020}\right)-\left(1+3+...+3^{2019}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}A=3^{2020}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{3^{2021}-3}{2}\)
b) CM chia hết cho 4:
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2019}+3^{2020}\)
\(A=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2019}\left(1+3\right)\)
\(A=3\cdot4+3^3\cdot4+...+3^{2019}\cdot4\)
\(A=\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2019}\right)\cdot4\) chia hết cho 4
CM chia hết cho 40:
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2017}+3^{2018}+3^{2019}+3^{2020}\)
\(A=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{2017}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(A=3\cdot40+...+3^{2017}\cdot40\)
\(A=\left(3+...+3^{2017}\right)\cdot40\) chia hết cho 40
