Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số \(\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b+c};\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{d+c};\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{d+a};\sqrt{d}.\sqrt{a+b}\right)\)
và \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}};\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{d+c}};\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{d+a}};\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\), ta được:
\(\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(d+c\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+bd+bc+cd+ac+ad+bd}\)(1)
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Do đó: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPCM
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=d
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)với x,y > 0
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
Cần chứng minh : \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = c ; b = d
Vậy ....
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{xy}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+bc+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db}\)
Ta chứng minh: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+4ac+4bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge4ac+4bd\)(đúng)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = "xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Mượn ý tưởng của Nguyễn Phương Thảo:
Áp dụng bđt CBS dạng Engel:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\left(c+d\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{d^2}{d\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(+\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=\left[\left(a+d\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\ge4\left(a+d\right)\left(b+c\right)\\\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+d\right)\right]^2\ge4\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge4\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)(Khai triển sẽ được như này)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)}\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)
