a)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{ }ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b)\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(m\right)\);\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}=0,16\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,16}{1}->Zndư\)
\(n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,16=0,14\left(m\right)\)
\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,14.65=9,1\left(g\right)\)
c)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ :1 1 1 1
số mol :0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16
\(V_{H_2}=0,16.22,4=3,584\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(PT:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Zn\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{H_2SO_4}\left(PT\right)}=\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Zn dư , H2SO4 hết , tính theo H2SO4
b, Theo PT : \(n_{zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(pứ\right)}=n\cdot M=0,016\cdot32=0,512\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=m_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}-n_{Zn\left(Pứ\right)}=1,95-0,512=1,438\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT : \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_{2\left(đktc\right)}}=n\cdot22,4=0,016\cdot22,4=0,3584\left(l\right)\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo bài ra ta có :
\(m_{Zn}=1,95\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m_{Zn}}{M_{Zn}}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1,57\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có tỉ lệ số mol chia cho hệ số :
\(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 phản ứng hết / Zn phản ứng dư
\(\Rightarrow\) Tính theo số mol của H2SO4
⇒ \(n_{Zn}\) tham gia phản ứng là : \(n_{Zn}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}\approx0,016.32\approx0,512\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}\left(dư\right)=1,438\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,016.22,4\approx0,3584\left(l\right)\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(1mol\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(0,02mol\) \(0,02mol\) \(0,02mol\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\text{Ta thấy }Zn\text{ dư,}H_2SO_4\text{ phản ứng hết}\)
\(n_{Zn_{dư}}=0,03-0,02=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Zn_{dư}}=n.M=0,01.65=0,65\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,02.22,4=0,448\left(l\right)\)