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Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to slee...
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Some theories of the purpose of dreams
Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?
Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.
The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.
Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.
Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.
REM and dreaming
Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.
Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.
It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.
New research
Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.
Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.
So what’s the conclusion?
Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.
Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?
Find the new words and translate it
Put the correct form of either can or be able to for each sentence. Only use be able to if absolutely necessary!1. I havent ___concentrate recently at work. I dont know what it is.2. My brother ___ cook very well. He is a chef in a French restaurant.3. When he was only 2, my friend Lee ___speak quite well.4. I have to go to a business dinner tomorrow night so I___ (not) come to the party. Im very sorry.5. Kevin lived in Italy for six years, so he must ___ speak Italian quite well. He will help y...
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Put the correct form of either "can" or "be able to" for each sentence. Only use "be able to" if absolutely necessary!
1. I haven't ___concentrate recently at work. I don't know what it is.
2. My brother ___ cook very well. He is a chef in a French restaurant.
3. When he was only 2, my friend Lee ___speak quite well.
4. I have to go to a business dinner tomorrow night so I___ (not) come to the party. I'm very sorry.
5. Kevin lived in Italy for six years, so he must ___ speak Italian quite well. He will help you with your homework.
6. This telephone is terrible. I ___(not) hear you at all.
7. When the car drove into the lake, one of the passengers ___ (not) open the door and had to be rescued.
8. Despite the arrival of the storm, they ___finish the football match.
9. When I was very young, I used to ___touch my toes, but I can't now!!
10. The house was totally empty all day yesterday and I ___finish that book I was reading.
11. My mother tells me that her grandfather was one of the best musicians of his time in the city and ___ play the piano like a professional.
12. I hope to ___ speak English very well after this course finishes.
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B or C) to each statement.Da Nang is one of the most peaceful cities in Viet Nam with a lot of beautiful beaches. This is a wonderful place for those who love seas and enjoy fresh air. Life here is not so busy as that in Ho Chi Minh City. It is not only a beautiful city but also a safe place to live in. Every evening, after work, you can easily catch the sight of families riding to the beach, leaving their motorbikes. They believe that their v...
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I. Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B or C) to each statement.
Da Nang is one of the most peaceful cities in Viet Nam with a lot of beautiful beaches. This is a wonderful place for those who love seas and enjoy fresh air. Life here is not so busy as that in Ho Chi Minh City. It is not only a beautiful city but also a safe place to live in. Every evening, after work, you can easily catch the sight of families riding to the beach, leaving their motorbikes. They believe that their vehicles will still be there when they come back. There is no beggar here and the air is fresh. Another good thing is the food. If you love sea food, Da Nang will be the right choice. The food here is very fresh and the price is cheaper than that in Ho Chi Minh City.
1.Da Nang is a good place for sea lovers.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn‟t mention
2.The life in Da Nang is busier than that in Ho Chi Minh City.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn‟t mention
3. There are beautiful mountains in Da Nang.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn‟t mention
4.It is not expensive to buy seafood in Da Nang City.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn‟t mention
5.Da Nang is not only peaceful but also beautiful.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn‟t mention
II. Read the passage and choose the best word (A, B or C) to put in each space.
Hoi An is one of the (1) ................. towns in Viet Nam. It (2) ................. on the lower section of the Thu Bon river. It is a very beautiful town with a s lot of colour (3) ................. which are hung (4) ................. the town. Hoi An is famous for one-(5) ................. tailoring. Customers order
clothes (6) ................. the morning and get them in the (7) ................. . The price is not really (8)
................. . If you want to find the place of the (9) ................. time, Hoi An is a (10) ................. choice.
1. A. newer 2. A. are 3. A. lanterns | B. newest B. is B. stars | C. oldest C. are being C. balloons |
4. A. on | B. around | C. up |
5. A. month | B. week | C. day |
6. A. at | B. in | C. on |
7. A. night | B. afternoon | C. evening |
8. A. expensive | B. cheap | C. more expensive |
9. A. modern | B. old | C. new |
10. A. best | B. worst | C. good |
Điền 1 từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống:Learning .......................language is, like learning how ....................fly or play the piano. there are important differences, but there is very important similarity. it is this: learning how to do such things needs....................of practice. it is never enough simply toknowsomathing. you must .................able to do things with what you know. for...................., it is not enough simply to............................... a book on how to...
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Điền 1 từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống:
Learning .......................language is, like learning how ....................fly or play the piano. there are important differences, but there is very important similarity. it is this: learning how to do such things needs....................of practice. it is never enough simply to"know"somathing. you must .................able to "do" things with what you know. for...................., it is not enough simply to............................... a book on how to fly an areophane. a book can give you lots of information about how to fly, but if only read a book and then try to fly............a great deal of practice first, you will crash and...................yourself. the same is true of playing the piano. do you think it is enough simply to read...........it? can you play the piano without having lots of..................first?
NHANH NHA, MAI NỘP RỒI
HELP ME
Các bạn ơi, giúp mk vs mk đg cần gấpCho dạng đúng của tính tù so sánh trong ngoặc1. Learning to speak a language is often much ....(easy) than learning to write it.2. This is the ...(fast) car we produce.3. Today it doesnt rain ...(heavy) as yesterday.4. This hotel must be ... ( expensive) than the small one next door.5. Bringing up children is one of the ...(hard) jobs in the world.6. When I saw her, she looked much ...(thin) than I remembered her.7. In my opinion the ...(beautiful) place in Or...
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Các bạn ơi, giúp mk vs mk đg cần gấp
Cho dạng đúng của tính tù so sánh trong ngoặc
1. Learning to speak a language is often much ....(easy) than learning to write it.
2. This is the ...(fast) car we produce.
3. Today it doesn't rain ...(heavy) as yesterday.
4. This hotel must be ... ( expensive) than the small one next door.
5. Bringing up children is one of the ...(hard) jobs in the world.
6. When I saw her, she looked much ...(thin) than I remembered her.
7. In my opinion the ...(beautiful) place in Oregon is Mount Hood.
8. Losing your credit card is ...( bad ) than losing your money.
Dịch bài văn sau sang tiếng Việt giúp mk nha:I cannot imagine living my life without my family by my side. Family is very important and valuable to me and is something that should never be taken for granted. Without my family, a large part of my life and culture would be missing.Whether it’s my grandparent, my two sisters, my mom, or my dad, I know I can always count on someone to help me feel better. In fact, I think that this is probably the most important thing that my family has taught me; a...
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Dịch bài văn sau sang tiếng Việt giúp mk nha:
I cannot imagine living my life without my family by my side. Family is very important and valuable to me and is something that should never be taken for granted. Without my family, a large part of my life and culture would be missing.
Whether it’s my grandparent, my two sisters, my mom, or my dad, I know I can always count on someone to help me feel better. In fact, I think that this is probably the most important thing that my family has taught me; a family is made up of people who you can trust and who you can count on.
Too many times today, we read in the papers about families where parents abuse their children, verbally and physically. What these parents don’t realize is that they are either beginning or involving themselves in a vicious circle of hate in families. When parents abuse their children, they are telling their children that that is the way to raise children, and this is what their children learn. I was lucky, I have learned differently, because my family cares about me, and I care about them.
In this world of doubt, insecurity, and fear, my family is always there for me, holding their arms open to me with love. On the first day of first grade, I didn’t want to go to school, I had butterflies in my stomach and I found it difficult to walk because I was so nervous. The only reason that I finally went into the classroom is because my mom walked in with me, and promised me that as soon as school was out, she’d be there waiting for me, ready to bring me back to where I felt most comfortable, my family.
Luckily, I’m a little more grown up now; I can go into school by myself, and in a couple of years, when I go away to college, I’ll really have to go to school by myself. There will be no one who I will know at college. Of course I know I’ll make friends, but none of them will mean as much to me as my family does…..
Ai nhanh mk tk cho
EXERCISE 1 Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets: 1. This chair is ..........................………………….. than that one. (comfortable) 2. Your flat is .....................………....... than mine. ( large) 3. The weather today is ........................……… than it was yesterday. (hot) 4. The Nile is the ........................……………………….. river in the world. (long) 5. Chinese bicycles are ................…........……………….. than Japanese ones. (bad) 6. Mathematics is ............
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EXERCISE 1 Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets: 1. This chair is ..........................………………….. than that one. (comfortable) 2. Your flat is .....................………....... than mine. ( large) 3. The weather today is ........................……… than it was yesterday. (hot) 4. The Nile is the ........................……………………….. river in the world. (long) 5. Chinese bicycles are ................…........……………….. than Japanese ones. (bad) 6. Mathematics is ........................…………………...….. than English. (difficult) 7. Ho Chi Minh is the ............................………………. city in Viet Nam. (big) 8. He drives ................................. .. ……………than his friend. (careful) 9. She sings ........................……………………….. in this school. (beautiful) 10. I read ............................……………………….. than my sister. (slow) 11. Grace is ...........................………………….. girl in our class. (old) 12. This exercise is .........................…….…………..than that one. (easy) 13. He is twice .........................…….…………..as you. (fat) 14. Nam is .........................…….………….. student of all. (noisy) 15. My cold is .........................…….………….. today than it was yesterday. (good) EXERCISE 2 Choose the best option to complete the following sentences: 1. The more she smiles , ................ she becomes. A. more graceful B. the most graceful C. most graceful D. the more graceful 2. Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants. A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly as C. as rapid as D. more rapid 3. Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam . A. long B shortest C. longest D. longer 4. Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were ................ those of Galileo and Newton A. important than B. more important C. the most important D. as important as 5. Impalas cannot move as ................ cheetahs but they are more efficient runners. A. faster than B. fast as C. fast D. are fast as 6. Both are informative articles, but this one is ................ . A. best B. the best C. most D. better 7. She is the .………… girl in our town . A. more beautiful B. beauty C. most beautiful D. more beautifully 8. The harder you learn............. A. The better is your English B. The better will be your English C. The better becomes your English D. The better your English will be 9. Jim is the ................. in his class. A. clever B. cleverest C. cleverer D. more clever 10. Of the two shirts, this one is ................... A. the prettiest B. the most pretty C. prettier D. the prettier 11. Your house is ................. mine. A. as bigger as B. many times as big as C. much big as D. not many times big 12. Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year. A. This year it is as colder than last year. B This year it is colder than last year. C. This year it isn’t as cold as last year. D. This year it isn’t colder than last year. 13. She is older than me. A. I’m more younger than her. B. I’m as younger as her. C. I’m more young than her. D. I’m younger than her. 14. The test is not ………………… A. as difficult as it was last month. B. so difficult as it was last month C. more difficult as it was last month. D. Both A & B are correct 15. The Nile River is ………………… of all. A. longer B. the longest C. long D. longest 16. .................. we read, .................. we know. A. The most/ the most B. The more/ the more C. Most/ most D. More/ more 17. It gets ................... Let’s go swimming. A. hot and hot B. the more hot C. more and more hot D. hotter and hotter 18. Peter usually drives .................. Mary. A. more fast B. more fast than C. more fast D. faster 19. The problem seems to be .................. A. more serious B. more serious than C. more serious as D. more and more serious 20. Peter can not earn .................. his wife. A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than 21. Prices get .................. A. high and high B. highest and highest C. more and more high D. higher and higher 22. The more manufacturers advise, .................. they sell. A. the most products B. the products more C. the more products D. most products 23. ................. a car is ................. it is. A. The more expensive/ the comfortabler B. The most expensive/ the most comfortable C. The more expensive/ the more comfortable D. The less expensive/ the more comfortable- 24. Of the five students. Mary is ................. A. more intelligent B. the more intelligent C. most intelligent D. the most intelligent 25. Steel is ................ than wood. A. more heavy B. as heavy C. heavier D. more heavier 26. A super market is …………………… a shopping center. A. less convenient as B. less convenient than C. not so convenient than D. the most convenient as 27. Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists. A. more and most attractive B. the more attractive C. much and more attractive D. more and more attractive 28. This car is …………………… than mine. A. less expensive B. as expensive C. expensive D. not so expensive 29. Tim’s grades are …………………… than John. A. worse B. worst C. as bad D. so bad 30. The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back. A. early B
Sắp xếp:1.house / is / the market? / far / to / from / how / it /Trangs /2.find / flat/ wants / a / she / to /family / for / her /3.tallest / my / is / the / family / in /brother / person / my4.farmers / hard / morning / work / night / till / from5.at / the library / English / of / books / in / the back / are / those/6.the bell / into / the students / ten / and / go / past / rings / all / the yard /half / at /7. dinner / like / come /would / to my house / you / to / for /?8. school / about / one...
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Sắp xếp:
1.house / is / the market? / far / to / from / how / it /Trang's /
2.find / flat/ wants / a / she / to /family / for / her /
3.tallest / my / is / the / family / in /brother / person / my
4.farmers / hard / morning / work / night / till / from
5.at / the library / English / of / books / in / the back / are / those/
6.the bell / into / the students / ten / and / go / past / rings / all / the yard /half / at /
7. dinner / like / come /would / to my house / you / to / for /?
8. school / about / one / my / is / kilometer / home / My / from
1. About 500,000 people worked in _______ in Vietnam.2. This tool is ________ for a variety of purposes.3. Have you got the dictionary ______ on your phone?4. He is such a _______ boy, always asking questions.5. It is one of the most famous churches built in the Victorian ______.6. The government must take action to fight this deadly _______.7. There were buses that _______ the two villages not only to each other but also with the city.
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1. About 500,000 people worked in _______ in Vietnam.
2. This tool is ________ for a variety of purposes.
3. Have you got the dictionary ______ on your phone?
4. He is such a _______ boy, always asking questions.
5. It is one of the most famous churches built in the Victorian ______.
6. The government must take action to fight this deadly _______.
7. There were buses that _______ the two villages not only to each other but also with the city.