`b, x^2y + xy^2 - x - y = xy(x+y)-(x+y)`
`= (xy-1)(x+y)`
`c, ax^2 +ay - bx^2-by`
`= x^2(a-b) + y(a-b)`
`= (x^2+y)(a-b)`
`b,x^2y+xy^2-x-y=xy(x+y)-(x+y)=(xy-1)(x+y)`
`c,ax^2+ay-bx^2-by=x^2(a-b)+y(a-b)=(x^2+y)(a-b)`
`d,x(x+1)^2+x(x-5)-5(x-1)^2=x(x^2+2x+1)+x^2-5x-5(x^2-2x+1)=x^3+2x^2+x+x^2-5x-5x^2+10x-5=x^3-2x^2+6x-5=x^2(x-1)-x(x-1)+5(x-1)=(x^2-x+5)(x-1)`