Vì \(P\left(x\right)⋮7\forall x\) nên ta có :
\(P\left(0\right)=e⋮7\)
\(P\left(1\right)=a+b+c+d+e⋮7\)
\(P\left(-1\right)=a-b+c-d+e⋮7\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(1\right)+P\left(-1\right)=\left(2a+2c+2e\right)⋮7\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)⋮7\)
\(P\left(1\right)-P\left(-1\right)=\left(2b+2d\right)⋮7\Rightarrow\left(b+d\right)⋮7\)
\(P\left(2\right)=16a+8b+4c+2d+e=\left(14a+7b\right)+\left(2a+b+4c+2d+e\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+b+4c+2d⋮7\)
\(P\left(-2\right)=16a-8b+4c-2d+e\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(2\right)+P\left(-2\right)=32a+8c+2e\)
\(\Rightarrow4a+c⋮7\)
Do \(\left(a+c\right)⋮7\Rightarrow3a⋮7\Rightarrow a⋮7\Rightarrow c⋮7\)
\(P\left(2\right)-P\left(-2\right)=16b+4d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+2d\right)⋮7\Rightarrow d⋮7\Rightarrow b⋮7\)
Vậy nên a, b, c, d, e đều chia hết cho 7.
