Bài giải
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}\) ; \(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3}\) ; ..... ; \(\frac{1}{9^2}< \frac{1}{8\cdot9}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\text{ }\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+..+\frac{1}{8\cdot9}=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{9}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{9}=\frac{8}{9}\) \(^{\left(1\right)}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2^2}>\frac{1}{2\cdot3}\) ; \(\frac{1}{3^2}>\frac{1}{3\cdot4}\) ; ..... ; \(\frac{1}{9^2}>\frac{1}{9\cdot10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\text{ }\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^2}>\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{9\cdot10}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{2}{5}\) \(^{\left(2\right)}\)
Từ \(^{\left(1\right)}\) và \(^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{2}{5}< A< \frac{8}{9}\) \(\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Ta có : \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2\times2}+\frac{1}{3\times3}+\frac{1}{4\times4}+...+\frac{1}{9\times9}< \frac{1}{1\times2}+\frac{1}{2\times3}+\frac{1}{3\times4}+...+\frac{1}{8\times9}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{1\times2}+\frac{3-2}{2\times3}+\frac{4-3}{3\times4}+...+\frac{9-8}{8\times9}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{9}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{9}=\frac{8}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{8}{9}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{2\times2}+\frac{1}{3\times3}+\frac{1}{4\times4}+...+\frac{1}{9\times9}>\frac{1}{2\times3}+\frac{1}{3\times4}+\frac{1}{4\times5}+...+\frac{1}{9\times10}\)
\(=\frac{3-2}{2\times3}+\frac{4-3}{3\times4}+\frac{5-4}{4\times5}+...+\frac{10-9}{9\times10}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{2}{5}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) --> \(\frac{2}{5}< A< \frac{8}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)
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