\(a,2003\cdot2005=\left(2004-1\right)\left(2004+1\right)=2004^2-1< 2004^2\)
\(b,7^{16}-1\\ =\left(7^8-1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)=\left(7^4-1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\\ =\left(7^2-1\right)\left(7^2+1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\\ =\left(7-1\right)\left(7+1\right)\left(7^2+1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\\ =48\left(7^2+1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)>8\left(7^2+1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\)
a. Dựa vào tính chất thừa và thiếu, suy ra: 2003 . 2005 = 20042