Với n =1 thì A < 3. Vậy ta phải đi chứng minh A < 3
Giả sử A < 3 đúng với n = k. Ta có:
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{2}{k^2+3k}\right)< 3\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(\frac{k^2+3k+2}{k\left(k+3\right)}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}\)
Ta phải đi chứng minh A < 3 đúng với n = k +1 tức là phải chứng minh:
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\left(1+\frac{2}{\left(k+1\right)^2+3\left(k+1\right)}\right)\) \(< 3+\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+4\right)}\)
Ta sẽ có:
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\left(1+\frac{2}{k^2+2k+1+3k+3}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\frac{k^2+5k+6}{k^2+5k+4}\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+4\right)}\) \(< 3+\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+4\right)}\)
Vậy A đúng với n = k + 1 thì A đúng với n = k
Vậy A < 3 là điều phải chứng minh.
(Phương pháp quy nạp toán học)
