a,
\(2^2=\left(1+1\right)^2=1^2+2.1+1\)
\(3^2=\left(2+1\right)^2=2^2+2.2+1\)
....
\(\left(n+1\right)^2=n^2+2n+1\)
Cộng theo từng vế của các đẳng thức:
\(2^2+3^2+...+\left(n+1\right)^2=1^2+2^2+...+n^2+2\left(1+2+...+n\right)+n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)^2=1+2S+n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2S=\left(n+1\right)^2-\left(n+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2S=\left(n+1\right)n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
b, Tương tự a
\(2^3=\left(1+1\right)^3=1^3+3.1^2+3.1+1\)
\(3^3=\left(2+1\right)^3=2^3+3.2^2+3.2+1\)
...
\(\left(n+1\right)^3=n^3+3n^2+3n+1\)
Cộng theo từng vế của các đẳng thức:
\(2^3+3^3+...+\left(n+1\right)^3=1^3+2^3+...+n^3+3\left(1^2+2^2+...+n^2\right)+3\left(1+2+...+n\right)+n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)^3=1+3S_1+3S+n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)^3-\left(n+1\right)-3S=3S_1\)
\(3S_1=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-\frac{3n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3S_1=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S_1=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
