a) Xét mẫu thức : \(x^3-3x-18=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+6\right)\)
\(M=\frac{x-3}{x^3-3x-18}=\frac{x-3}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+6\right)}=\frac{1}{x^2+3x+6}=\frac{1}{\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{15}{4}}\le\frac{4}{15}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = -3/2
Vậy Max M = 4/15 tại x = -3/2
b) \(N=\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2+2x+1}=\frac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\). Đặt \(y=x+1\)\(\Rightarrow x=y-1\)
Suy ra \(N=\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)+1}{y^2}=\frac{y^2-y+1}{y^2}=\frac{1}{y^2}-\frac{1}{y}+1\)
Lại đặt \(t=\frac{1}{y}\), \(N=t^2-t+1=\left(t-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(t=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow y=2\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy Min N = 3/4 tại x = 1
