a, A = 2+22+23+...+210
A = (2+22)+(23+24)+...+(29+210)
A = 2(1+2) + 23(1+2) +.....+ 29(1+2)
A = 2.3 + 23.3 +....+ 29.3
A = 3.(2+23+...+29) chia hết cho 3 (đpcm)
b, A = 2+22+23+...+210
A = (2+22+23+24+25)+(26+27+28+29+210)
A = 2(1+2+22+23+24) + 26.(1+2+22+23+24)
A = 2.31 + 26.31
A = 31.(2+26) chia hết cho 31 (Đpcm)