a)
A=\(x^2+y^2=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=a^2-2b\)
\(B=x^3+y^3=\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)-3x^2y-3xy^2=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=a^3-3ab\)
\(C=x^5+y^5=\left(x^5+y^5+5x^4y+10x^3y^2+10x^2y^3+5xy^4\right)-5x^4y-10x^3y^2-10x^2y^3-5xy^4\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^5-5xy\left(x^3+2xy^2+2x^2y+y^3\right)=\left(x+y\right)^5-5xy\left(x^3+3xy^2+3x^2y+y^3-xy^2-x^2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^5-5xy\left(\left(x+y\right)^3-xy\left(x+y\right)\right)=a^5-5b\left(a^3-ab\right)\)