b. 12 - ( -x-1 ) =3
=> 12 - ( x+ 1) = 3
x + 1 = 12- 3
x+ 1 =9
x= 9-1= 8
a, /-3/ + x = -5
3 + x= -5
x=-5 -3 = -8
c, / x+ 4 / = 5 - (-1)
/x+4/ = 6
x= 6 - 4 =2 => x = 2
d, 21-( 11+x) = 3 -(-7 + /-5/)
21-( 11+x) = 3 -( 7- 5)
21-( 11+x)= 1
21-( -11 -x ) = 1
( -11 -x ) = 21 - 1= 20
x = 20+ (-11)
x = 9