a) ( 2x + 3 )2 - 2( 2x + 3 )( 2x + 5 ) + ( 2x + 5 )2
= [ ( 2x + 3 ) - ( 2x + 5 ) ]2
= ( 2x + 3 - 2x - 5 )2
= (-2)2 = 4
b) ( x2 + x + 1 )( x2 - x + 1 )( x2 - 1 )
= ( x4 - x3 + x2 + x3 - x2 + x + x2 - x + 1 )( x2 - 1 )
= ( x4 + x2 + 1 )( x2 - 1 )
= x6 - x4 + x4 - x2 + x2 - 1
= x6 - 1
c) ( x + y )2 + ( x - y )2
= x2 + 2xy + y2 + x2 - 2xy + y2
= 2x2 + 2y2 = 2( x2 + y2 )
d) 2( x - y )( x + y ) + ( x + y )2 + ( x - y )2
= [ ( x + y ) + ( x - y ) ]2
= ( x + y + x - y )2
= ( 2x )2 = 4x2
e) ( x - y + z )2 + ( z - y )2 + 2( x - y + z )( y - z )
= ( x - y + z )2 + ( z - y )2 - 2( x - y + z )( z - y )
= [ ( x - y + z ) - ( z - y ) ]2
= ( x - y + z - z + y )2
= x2
f) ( a + b - c )2 + ( a - b + c )2 - 2( b - c )2
= [ ( a + b ) - c ]2 + [ ( a - b ) + c ]2 - 2( b2 - 2bc + c2 )
= [ ( a + b )2 - 2( a + b )c + c2 ] + [ ( a - b )2 + 2( a - b )c + c2 ] - 2b2 + 4bc - 2c2
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab - 2bc - 2ca + c2 + a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab + 2bc + 2ac - 2b2 + 4bc - 2c2
= 2a2
g) ( a + b + c )2 + ( a - b - c )2 + ( b - c - a )2 + ( c - a - b )2
= [ ( a + b ) + c ]2 + [ ( a - b ) - c ]2 + [ ( b - c ) - a ]2 + [ ( c - a ) - b ]2
= [ ( a + b )2 + 2( a + b )c + c2 ] + [ ( a - b )2 - 2( a - b )c + c2 ] + [ ( b - c )2 - 2( b - c )a + a2 ] + [ ( c - a )2 - 2( c - a )b + b2 ]
= [ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca ] + [ a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab + 2bc - 2ca ] + [ a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab - 2bc + 2ca ] + [ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab - 2bc - 2ca ]
= 4a2 + 4b2 + 4c2
Có vẻ hơi dài dòng nhỉ :( Nhưng như này là kĩ nhất đấy :)
Cảm ơn bạn Trần Nhật Quỳnh nhiều nhé:)
