a) x² - 3x + 2
= x² - x - 2x + 2
= (x² - x) + (-2x + 2)
= x(x - 1) - 2(x - 1)
= (x - 1)(x - 2)
b) x² + x - 6
= x² - 2x + 3x - 6
= (x² - 2x) + (3x - 6)
= x(x - 2) + 3(x - 2)
= (x - 2)(x + 3)
c) 3x² - 8x + 4
= 3x² - 6x - 2x + 4
= (3x² - 6x) + (-2x + 4)
= 3x(x - 2) - 2(x - 2)
= (x - 2)(3x - 2)
d) 4x² - 4x - 3
= 4x² - 4x + 1 - 4
= (4x² - 4x + 1) - 4
= (2x - 1)² - 2²
= (2x - 1 - 2)(2x - 1 + 2)
= (2x - 3)(2x + 1)