Bài 1:
a) \(M=x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge0+\frac{3}{4};\forall x\)
Hay \(M\ge\frac{3}{4};\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MIN\)\(M=\frac{3}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
b) \(N=3-2x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-2x+3\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+4\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\)
Vì \(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0;\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\le0+4;\forall x\)
Hay \(N\le4;\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy MAX \(N=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Bài 2:
Vì a chia 3 dư 1 nên a có dạng \(3k+1\left(k\in N\right)\)
Vì b chia 3 dư 2 nên b có dạng \(3t+2\left(t\in N\right)\)
Ta có: \(ab=\left(3k+1\right)\left(3t+2\right)\)
\(=\left(3k+1\right).3t+\left(3k+1\right).2\)
\(=9kt+3t+6k+2\)
\(=3.\left(3kt+t+2k\right)+2\)chia 3 dư 2 .
\(\)
1a) Ta có: M = x2 + x + 1 = (x2 + x + 1/4) + 3/4 = (x + 1/2)2 + 3/4
Ta luôn có: (x + 1/2)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> (x + 1/2)2 + 3/4 \(\ge\)3/4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : x + 1/2 = 0 <=> x = -1/2
Vậy Mmin = 3/4 tại x = -1/2
b) Ta có: N = 3 - 2x - x2 = -(x2 + 2x + 1) + 4 = -(x + 1)2 + 4
Ta luôn có: -(x + 1)2 \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> -(x + 1)2 + 4 \(\le\)4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : x + 1 = 0 <=> x = -1
Vậy Nmax = 4 tại x = -1
