`a, 2A = 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^61`
`A = (2^2+...+2^61) - (2+..+2^60)`
`A = 2^61-2`.
`b, A = 2(1+2) + 2^2(1+2) + ... + 2^59(1+2)`
`= 3 . (2+2^2 + ... + 2^59)`.
`A = (2+2^2+2^3 + 2^4) + 2^4(2+2^2+2^3+2^4) + ... + 2^56(2+2^2+2^3+2^4)`
`= 30 . (1+2^4 + 2^56) vdots 5`.
`A = 2(1+2+2^2) + 2^4(1+2+2^2) + ... + 2^58(1+2+2^2)`
`= 7 . (2^2+2^4+...+2^58) vdots 7`