1. M + N = x2 + y2 - xy + 2 + 2x2 - 2y2 + xy - 2
= (x2 + 2x2 ) + ( y2 - 2y2 ) + ( -xy + xy ) + ( 2 -2 )
= 3x2 - y2
M - N = x2 + y2 - xy + 2 - ( 2x2 - 2y2 + xy - 2)
= x2 + y2 - xy + 2 - 2x2 + 2y2 - xy + 2
= ( x2 - 2x2 ) + ( y2 + 2y2 ) + ( -xy - xy ) + ( 2 + 2)
= -x2 + 3y2 - 2xy + 4
