\(a,=\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{x}{x+4}\\ b,=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}{x\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{x-4}{x}\\ c,=\dfrac{4\left(x-y\right)^2}{2x\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x}\\ d,=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-16}{y\left(x+y+4\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+4\right)\left(x+y-4\right)}{y\left(x+y+4\right)}=\dfrac{x+y-4}{y}\)


