a. x2 - 2
= x2 - \(\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
= \(\left(x-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)\)
b. 4x2 - 49
= (2x)2 - 72
= (2x - 7)(2x + 7)
c. (a + b)2 - 4
= (a + b)2 - 22
= (a + b - 2)(a + b + 2)
d. (a + b + 1)2 - (a - b)2
= (a + b + 1 - a - b)(a + b + 1 + a + b)
= 1.(2a + 2b + 1)


