a) \(I_1=\int\frac{dx}{2\sin x\cos x}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}.\frac{dx}{\cos^2x}\)
Đặt \(\tan x=t\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{dt}{t}=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left|t\right|+C=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left|\tan x\right|+C\)
b) \(I_2=\int\frac{\sin^4x}{\cos^4x}.\frac{1}{\cos^2x}.\frac{dx}{\cos^2x}\)
Đặt \(t=\tan x\)
\(=\int t^4\left(1+t^2\right)dt\)
\(=\int t^4dt+\int t^6dt=\frac{t^5}{5}+\frac{t^7}{7}+C\)
\(=\frac{\tan^5x}{5}+\frac{\tan^7x}{7}+C\)
c) \(I_3=\int\tan^3xdx\) đặt \(t=\tan x\)
\(=\int\frac{t^3}{1+t^2}dt=\int\left(t-\frac{t}{1+t^2}\right)dt\)
\(=\frac{t^2}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(1+t^2\right)+C\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\tan^2x+\ln\left|\cos x\right|+C\)
d) \(\int\frac{dx}{\sin^4x}=\int\frac{1}{\sin^2x}.\frac{1}{\sin^2x}dx=-\int\left(1+\cot^2x\right)d\left(\cot x\right)\)
\(=-\cot x-\frac{1}{3}\cot^3x+C\)