ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{-\dfrac{1}{2018};-\dfrac{2}{2019};-\dfrac{1}{505};\dfrac{-5}{2021}\right\}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2018x+1}-\dfrac{1}{2019x+2}=\dfrac{1}{2020x+4}-\dfrac{1}{2021x+5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019x+2-2018x-1}{\left(2018x+1\right)\left(2019x+2\right)}=\dfrac{2021x+5-2020x-4}{\left(2020x+4\right)\left(2021x+5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{\left(2018x+1\right)\left(2019x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{\left(2020x+4\right)\left(2021x+5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{\left(2018x+1\right)\left(2019x+2\right)}-\dfrac{x+1}{\left(2020x+4\right)\left(2021x+5\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(2018x+1\right)\left(2019x+2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(2020x+4\right)\left(2021x+5\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\\dfrac{1}{\left(2018x+1\right)\left(2019x+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(2020x+4\right)\left(2021x+5\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\\left(2018x+1\right)\left(2019x+2\right)=\left(2020x+4\right)\left(2021x+5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\4074342x^2+6055x+2=4082420x^2+18184x+20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\left(nhận\right)\\-8078x^2-12129x-18=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(-8078x^2-12129x-18=0\)(2)
\(\Delta=\left(-12129\right)^2-4\cdot\left(-8078\right)\cdot\left(-18\right)=146531025\)
Vì \(\Delta>0\) nên phương trình (2) có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{12129-12105}{2\cdot\left(-8078\right)}=\dfrac{-6}{4039}\left(nhận\right)\\x_2=\dfrac{12129+12105}{2\cdot\left(-8078\right)}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{-1;\dfrac{-6}{4039};\dfrac{-3}{2}\right\}\)
