Câu a)
\(2x^4+3x^3+8x^2+6x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (2x^4+2x^3+2x^2)+(x^3+x^2+x)+5x^2+5x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2x^2(x^2+x+1)+x(x^2+x+1)+5(x^2+x+1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+x+1)(2x^2+x+5)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x^2+x+1=0\\ 2x^2+x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} (x+\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{3}{4}=0\\ 2(x+\frac{1}{4})^2+\frac{39}{8}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm.
Cách khác:
PT \(\Leftrightarrow 4x^4+6x^3+16x^2+12x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3x^4+(x^4+6x^3+9x^2)+7x^2+12x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3x^4+(x^2+3x)^2+(4x^2+12x+9)+3x^2+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3x^4+(x^2+3x)^2+(2x+3)^2+3x^2=-1\)
(vô lý vì vế phải âm còn vế trái không âm)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm.
Câu b:
\(\frac{x-342}{15}+\frac{x-323}{17}+\frac{x-300}{19}+\frac{x-273}{21}=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-342}{15}+\frac{x-323}{17}+\frac{x-300}{19}+\frac{x-273}{21}-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-342}{15}-1+\frac{x-323}{17}-2+\frac{x-300}{19}-3+\frac{x-273}{21}-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-357}{15}+\frac{x-357}{17}+\frac{x-357}{19}+\frac{x-357}{21}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-357)\left(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{21}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{21}\neq 0\), do đó $x-357=0$ hay $x=357$ là nghiệm duy nhất của pt.
a) Ta có: \(2x^4+3x^3+8x^2+6x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4x^4+6x^3+16x^2+12x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^4+9x^2+4+6x^3+4x^2+12x)+(3x^4+3x^2+6)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+3x+2)^2+3(x^4+x^2+\frac{1}{4})+\frac{21}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+3x+2)^2+3(x^2+\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{21}{4}=0(*)\)
Thấy rằng \((x^2+3x+2)^2\geq 0; (x^2+\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\)
Do đó \((x^2+3x+2)^2+3(x^2+\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{21}{4}\geq \frac{21}{4}>0\)
Suy ra \((*)\) vô nghiệm dẫn đến PT đầu tiên vô nghiệm (đpcm)
b) \(\dfrac{x-342}{15}+\dfrac{x-323}{17}+\dfrac{x-300}{19}+\dfrac{x-273}{21}=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-342}{15}+\dfrac{x-323}{17}+\dfrac{x-300}{19}+\dfrac{x-273}{21}-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-342}{15}-1+\dfrac{x-323}{17}-2+\dfrac{x-300}{19}-3+\dfrac{x-273}{21}-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-357}{15}+\dfrac{x-357}{17}+\dfrac{x-357}{19}+\dfrac{x-357}{21}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-357)\left(\frac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{17}+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{21}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{21}\neq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-357=0\\ \Rightarrow x=357\)
Vậy \(x=357\) là nghiệm phương trình
